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The work, conducted by Cranfield University's Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Centre, compared three different alloys – aluminium-A380, magnesium-AZ91D and zinc-ZA8. Over recent years, the automotive manufacturing industry has favoured aluminium alloys for their lightweight properties and lower cost.
The new study suggests that aluminium is frequently chosen ahead of other alloys because of a “failure to fully factor the sustainability of the end-product into consideration”. When examining sustainability alongside traditional factors such as time, cost and flexibility, Cranfield's research demonstrated that the zinc rather than the aluminium or magnesium alloys offered the better choice for automotive manufacturers.
The zinc alloy reportedly proved to be a more sustainable and higher performing option when considering measures such as the environmental impact caused by the extraction of the metal and the quality of the parts it produces. Despite the aluminium alloy being a lower cost option, the study found that the zinc alloy also offered better value for money, as the parts it creates are likely to have a much longer life than the other alloys.
Previous Cranfield research has demonstrated that the automotive industry's focus on increasingly lighter weight cars to increase fuel efficiency – often through lightweight aluminium – may not actually be a more environmentally sustainable option.
“Aluminium has become the favoured material of the automotive industry for its lightweight properties and comparatively low cost. However our study, which looked in depth at sustainability, alongside traditional factors such as time, cost and flexibility, showed that actually a zinc alloy can be better value for money as well as being more sustainable,” said Professor Konstantinos Salonitis, head of the Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Centre.
Professor Mark Jolly, director of manufacturing at Cranfield University, added: “With the pressing climate crisis and consumers becoming ever more interested in the impact that the products they purchase have on the environment, manufacturers need to have a greater understanding of not just how they keep costs down but how they find the more sustainable option.”
The research was published in the International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing.
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